On earth, about 80% of the population is infected with human papillomavirus.Since not only can harmless papillomas appear due to HPV infection in the body, but also the condiles, as well as the results that can be malignant, it is very important to know how HPV is transmitted.Perhaps this knowledge will help someone avoid infection and protect themselves from dangerous diseases such as uterine neck cancer, vulva, vagina, anal, penis and even mammary gland.In the article, we will talk about HPV: how it is transmitted, risk factors and preventive measures.
How is human papillomavirus transmitted?
For starters, it is worth saying that Papilloma is transmitted through the epidermis and saliva.At the same time, for a while the infection may not feel felt and manifest by the formation of a condom and papilloma only with a decrease in immunity.
If we talk about how papilloma virus is transmitted, the likelihood of infection in the presence of damage, scratches and abrasions in the skin will increase significantly.
Attention!Many people are interested in papilloma is inherited.Answer, no.When one of the family members is infected, the papilloma virus is transmitted in everyday life or mother to the baby during childbirth.
The following ways to transmit a viral infection of human beings to person are known:
- It is transmitted to the domestic way, that is, through touch, ordinary household items, clothing.Infection transmission can occur through a kiss.
- If a person has genital papillomas, transmission can occur sexually, ie during unprotected sex.
- Self -extension is possible with shaving, hair removal and other skin lesions.As papilloma is contagious to surrounding skin healthy cells, the person can transfer the body of patients with the body to healthy.
- A vertical way of infection is the transfer of mother to child infection during birth.
- Much less often, infection occurs during donor blood transfusion during immediate removal of HPV neoplasms.The infection is also not excluded in cosmetic halls, manicure rooms, baths, saunas and swimming pools, where aseptic rules are neglected.
If we talk about how you can be infected with papilloma, in 70 % of cases of sexual infection, the culprit is a man.In the presence of an epithelial neoplasia on the lips or genitals, the likelihood of infection is almost 90%.It is also worth considering that the presence of a condom, although reduces the risk of infection, does not yet guarantee 100 % protection, as HPV can penetrate through microtrauma on the skin of the hands and other parts of the body.In addition, conditioning can be located on the groin or pubic part, where the condom will not protect against direct contact with the partner.
Important!If one of the partners is the virus carrier, but it has no papillomas, warts or condition, the risk of infection of the second partner is significantly reduced.
If you list all methods, such as being infected with a newborn papillomavirus, infection in the intrauterine period is unlikely, since the virus does not penetrate the blood and the fetus is reliably protected by amniotic liquids, a bubble and a placenta.However, in medical practice, rare cases of intrauterine infection were recorded in case of damage to the placenta and fetal bladder.
It is very important for women to plan a pregnancy to know if the child's father is contrast and if the future mother can be transmitted, as the genitals that appeared during pregnancy are very dangerous for the child.In case of baby infection during delivery, there is a threat of laryngeal papillomatosis and subsequent asphyxiation.As the infection is transmitted through saliva, it is important to take into account the presence of a man in papillomas, condom and warts in the mouth and mucous membranes of the oral cavity, because an infection of a woman with oral caresses may occur.
If one of the family members has papilloma, as is transmitted in everyday life, it is important for all families to know:
- Through bedding in general, towels, soap, cosmetics, cloth and other personal belongings, the virus can penetrate microtrauma on the skin;
- Infection through saliva is possible when using a toothbrush, glasses or other dishes;
- In addition, infection through clothing and other household items is also possible.
Risk factors
We find out how to be infected with human papillomavirus, but it is no less important to know, not just ways to transmit infection, but also risk factors for papillomavirus infection.
Therefore, human papillomavirus will be much easier to penetrate the skin and mucous membranes against the bottom of the following provoking factors:
- In men, children and women, the infection is probably against the reduced immunity background.This can be facilitated by a common cold or angina.
- The risk of HPV infection increases with the inflammation of the gut microflora or the vagina.In the first case, general immunity suffers, in the second case, local body protection forces are reduced and the likelihood of infection is increased.
- Sexual paths of infection are often the cause of infection against the background of other sexually transmitted diseases (syphilis, gonorrhea, trichomonosis).
- Any transmission methods can be potentially dangerous for a person against the bottom of an exacerbation of a chronic disease when the body is weakened by the disease.
- There is no doubt that Papilloma is infectious.The virus can easily penetrate the carrier within a healthy person's cell if their defenses are weakened by stress, a breakdown, overwork or depression.
Important!Any viruses are easier for men and women who have bad habits (smokers, alcohol).The risk of infection in women who take combined contraceptives also increases significantly.
The predisposing factors for sexual transmission of the virus are the following states and diseases:
- Previously, the beginning of sexual activity;
- prostitution;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- illegible sex life;
- History of sexually transmitted diseases;
- age over 35;
- cervical pathology;
- States of immunodeficiency.
Prevention
We find out how human papillomavirus (women, men and children) is transmitted, now it is left to consider preventive measures.It is worth saying immediately that the most effective way, as not being infected, is a preventive vaccination.To date, two types of vaccines of this infection are known.They protect against the most dangerous viral infection of viral infection.However, the high efficiency of such protection is observed only during an early age vaccination before entering a sex life or until one of the HPV strains is infected.
Regarding other prevention methods, hygiene rules, the use of a condom, selective sex life and the rejection of bad habits have not been canceled.It is useful to support the fortress of the immune system: eating, hardening, playing sports, fresh air, drinking vitamins periodically.